New Tech: Drugs Without Testing on Animals

 New medications are first tested on animals in drug research, and any expected effects on humans are purely based on animal trials. However, transporting the results to humans may not always be possible, and tissue engineering offers an option.

 Tissue engineering is the process of reconstructing and simulating healthy or damaged cell that can be discovered. Scientists already can recreate and replicate this technique using a variety of approaches. Organs can be recreated and used as called "tissue-on-chips" for the development of suitable molecules. The organ-on-a-chip technique provides for the modeling among many organs on a single chip system. A chip is like a transparent plastic film that is used to create an artificial vascular system. Researchers can perform genetic and tissue engineering techniques to transfer organs on the chip or generate three-dimensional structures since this vascular system has digits. It can be connected to a glandular system by simulating the liver, heart, or brain, etc. It presents users with such a multi-organ chip that could be used to analyze for toxicology or pharmacological effects. Researchers can  integrate various organs according to the results you like to accomplish. The liver is used to test run toxicity and plays a crucial function in drug testing. A rebuilt liver is being used to test a novel anti-cancer medicine to see if it is well accepted in the human body and if more research is needed.

 Tissue chips are made from human cell material. It's  completely clear that obtaining test participants for a unique medicine would be problematic. Many clinical studies have been failed as a result of the test group suffering severe damage. As a result, it's difficult finding people willing to participate in pre-clinical studies. The tissue-on-chips allow researchers to test the performance of an active agent or treatment using human cell at a preliminary phase. As a result, this approach may potentially be used to eliminate animal testing.  If researchers can move to human material early enough, they can drastically cut animal testing. In this situation, however, companies or researchers can shorten the preclinical process and minimize animal testing. That might be with our ambition however, researchers will not be able to reproduce the complete human body on microfluidic chips in order to construct a complete organism. Microfluidic chips, especially organ-on-chip models lack immune system neurons and blood capillaries, which are unique to human beings. It will take a long time for researchers to be able to recreate the human body's intricacy. The use of human tissue in research is particularly intriguing in the context of customized medicine. Consider a tumor model in which one patient responds favorably to chemotherapeutic treatment and has a high survival rate. Unfortunately, despite treatment, the other patient succumbs to a different genetic background and dies young. Scientists can use the applicants' cells to duplicate the organs or sections of each patient. Following that, scientists can test multiple chemotherapeutic drugs to determine which one is best for each patient. This would provide us with a preliminary assessment of how the drug will affect the patient, which is the first step toward personalized treatment. Human cell regeneration is already the focus of many companies throughout the world.

 Organ chips as replacements in pharmaceutical research are yet in the early stages of qualifying and validation investigations. It will also take several years until we have complicated organs to definitively claim that the brain kidney or liver on a chip behaves exactly the way the kidney operates within a human body.  This field holds a lot of promise since in the future when it comes to recreating full organs as replacement systems. 

 Briefly, this chip model refers to a 3D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates human organs and related systems. There are several this lab-on-a-chip models, for instance, a heart­ model chip, and a liver model chip. In the meantime, there are most reasons to develop these chips types. With this article, the importance of reducing animal experiments in drug testing stages was emphasized, and it was stated that this technology would be used more in the near future.